The iTunes Music Store offered legal downloads beginning in 2003, and competitors soon followed, offering a variety of online music services, such as internet radio. The iPod and iTunes system for music storage and playback became immensely popular, and many consumers began to transfer their physical recording media (such as CDs) onto computer hard drives. By 2001, the cost of hard drive space had dropped to a level that allowed pocket-sized computers to store large libraries of music. ![]() The initial stage (from approximately 1998 to 2001) of the digital music revolution was the emergence of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks that allowed the free exchange of music files (such as Kazaa and Napster). With the à la carte sales models increasing in popularity, consumers no longer downloaded entire albums but rather chose single songs. One significant change in the music industry was the remarkable decline of conventional album sales on CD and vinyl. ![]() The rise of digital music consumption options contributed to several fundamental changes in consumption. The rise of digital media with high-speed internet access fundamentally changed the relationships between artists, record companies, promoters, retail music stores, the technology industry, and consumers. In the first decade of the 21st century, the rise of digital media on the internet and computers as a central and primary means to record, distribute, store, and play music caused widespread economic changes in the music industry.
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